John Locke helped create Modern Democracy Essay Example for Free

John Locke helped create Modern Democracy Essay John Locke was an English philosopher and was considered as the first British Empiricists. His contributions proved great importance to the development of epistemology and political philosophy during those times, and is regarded as the most influential thinker to contribute to the liberal theory of government. As a whole, John Locke’s importance is reflected by the American Declaration of Independence, since men by nature is free and equal, discarding the thought about having a monarch, as everyone is entitled to become a monarch. It was through John Locke’s theories that people’s eyes were opened to the reality, the fact that all of us are born free. John Locke viewed and claimed that men are naturally free and equal, versus the notion that God appointed a monarch to rule over other people. Some of the things that Locke fought for were the people’s basic rights, including the right to life, liberty, and property – these concerns became the basic foundations of laws in any particular society today (Tuckness). Looking closely at the implication of what John Locke has fought for, it is more of establishing a concrete grounding which can be used as basis of other rules and laws that you prepare. In the context of establishing a government, John Locke used the claim that men are naturally free and equal in order to justify the understanding regarding the legitimacy of a political government which is the outcome of a social contract that regards the people as the major stakeholders, and that the government will be established to ensure the stability, comfort and enjoyment of these people’s lives, liberty and property. In short, the government, though privileged to preside over the people, still rests on popular consent, and people are entitled to rebel if they see that the government is subversive of what they stand for – the protection of life, liberty and property (Tuckness). Governments, just like what we have today, exist by the consent of the people under the jurisdiction of that government. Their main purpose according to Locke is to protect these people’s rights, as well as promote public good. In relation to this, those governments who are unable to function accordingly can be resisted by the people and e replace with new governments (Blupete. com). Though nowadays it would surely undergo a very long process to replace a current government, people still have the power to pursue these measures if the need be. Locke advocated majority rule, something which is similar to the current democracy that we have today. Modern democracy as we see today can be greatly associated with what John Locke has helped establish and defended many years ago. The purpose is people empowerment, the realization of the people’s rights and fighting to preserve these rights against violators. This has led to the creation of the democratic government that we have today, and through this type of government, we live a free and equal lives, without oppression from other people, as well as injustice in the things we do. We see the democratic government not only as a ruling body in the society but also a guard that would keep watch of out precious inalienable rights as citizens of this country and as human beings. We have instated a higher ruling body to do a set of purpose, and if it doesn’t, it is our responsibility to tear it down and replace it with the ones which are more appropriate and more deserving of the position. It is not the government that runs the people, but instead, it’s the people that run the government. Works Cited: Blupete. com. John Locke (1632-1704):The Philosopher of Freedom. 2006. April 4 2008. http://www. blupete. com/Literature/Biographies/Philosophy/Locke. htm#Government. Tuckness, Alex. Lockes Political Philosophy. 2005. April 4 2008. http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/locke-political/.

Hard as a Rock Writing :: Writing Technology Technological Papers

Hard as a Rock Writing Can anyone ever create a â€Å"new† writing technology from items found in nature? Is it possible to â€Å"invent† something to write with and on that had not been thought of in the past? These were the questions I pondered as I sat outside my house wondering what to do for my â€Å"Invent Your Own Technology† project. At first, I thought I would somehow distill the pollen from the daffodils growing in my front yard. Then I wondered, â€Å"What could I use to write on with my new yellow â€Å"ink†? How long would it last? And what could I write with?†. After that I explored the idea of binding twigs together with weeds and creating letters. I could create a portable alphabet this way. Then again, without a permanent base to affix my letters to, they would scatter with the wind. After yesterday’s wind, I am glad I decided against that idea. Finally, after much deliberation and searching in my yard, I came upon a lasting idea. I was sitting in the grass and suddenly spotted a very sharp stone. â€Å"If only I could find something to etch my words into†, I mused. It was then that I came across a much larger, dark, flat stone. Then I experimented. Indeed, I could use one stone to â€Å"write† on the other stone. The idea was simple. It was almost too simple. My initial questions rushed back to me. Certainly, this writing technology was not new. However, anything I could think of would not be new. It might be a new use of materials for me, but ultimately, somewhere, someone at one time or another has thought to use flowers for ink, dried reeds for parchment, a stick as a stylus, and stones to carve words on to other stones. Even as a child, I remember using shells to write words and draw pictures in the sand at the beach. Suddenly, what to write became the focus of my internal debate. Then I remembered Mark Twain reminiscing, in his article â€Å"The First Writing Machines† about sitting at his typewriter typing over and over, â€Å"The boy stood on the burning deck† (501). Could it be that the technology suddenly became more important then the content of Twain’s writing? Was it the same for me, only in reverse? The technology was so simple; I was at a loss for words.

Regarding Montessorie Education

1) One of the discoveries of Dr. Montessori about the child in the first few years needs to be active to be able to develop. Explain this statement? Ans:Introduction: Dr. Maria Montessorie has really observed a children so carefully, accurately and correctly that she can authoratively talk that â€Å" she has discovered the child†. She has designed such a nice and attractive system for children. a)Purposefull activity and discipline: As per her theory if children are assigned with puposefull task, they achieve the given target. b) Introduction of life Exercise: Even how to handle kid on the regular basis are nicely designed by her with very useful technique and the above points are mentioned below in depth as follows: a)Purposefull avtivity/ Discipline: As it is rightly said that until the age of 5 years, kids learning power is 100% and from 6-8 its 80% and later on it reduces. As I have observed if kids are given purposeful task, they will be very active until they achieve the task and once the task is over, they start loosing the interest. So to make active and develop properly task should be purposefull i. e. with proper aim, which will help them to learn something (educational) and as-well-as they will learn with fun without realizing as burden, because Maria’s theory is so intellectual, that kids learn without much efforts because of materials they used, which kids enjoy and learn. So its like†Play and Fun† Concept. e. g. If I try to teach my son to count the nos 1-20 ,it would’nt attract him, he might say out of compulsion, but won’t learn properly, but same with Maria’s theory help him learn faster like by using rhymes: one two buckle my shoes, by way of counting beads, which are colourful and attractive and some other games by these technique multipurpose activity are involved like he will learn rhymes, counting colours, shapes, etc. So it is very important to choose right kind of material for right age which will help him notonly to be active but scientifically active. The assigned task should be smartly assigned as per their interest and liking or in such a attractive style that they would like to play and which will create their interest and keep them active and curiose until they achieve it, which is helpful for both and in these manner they learn happily and without much interference of adults and efforts. b)Introduction of life Excersice: As the word itself describes day –to-day activites. It’s quite difficuly to deal with kids day-to-day task, but maria has so smartly designed the concept which really makes both life easier in tackling them. As kids are designed in one schedule/ routine, they will get used to it, initially to set the schedule and follow it’s bit difficult, but slowly they get used to it and they know what they need to do. Discipline is very important for their future development but it can be done only with love, respect and patience. If you keep giving them instruction they won’t listen all and it will be boring for them. e. g. 1) If I say my kid, go to toilet, wash your hands, flush the water, wipe ur hands, etc. These are 4 instructions, out of which he will only follow the 1(go to toilet) as that he needs, remaining he won’t. But if you say go to toilet and explain him once, what all he needs to do , he will get used to it and even without saying he will follow. Thus Parents can expect these obedience, but obedience comes only with love and not with force. ) I was trying to teach my kid about vegetables from a book and I realized he did’nt find it interesting, but out of compulsion he was trying to memorise. After reading Maria theory I try to make it very lively by taking him to shopping and showing all the vegetables and explain him and you won’t believe I was shocked, before we came he knew all the vegetables, and formed a vegetable song, because he really enjoyed rather than a b ook, so what I coul’nt do in 2 days he did it in few minutes. And these episode help me realise that right kind of technique is very important for kids. Sometimes Parents always keep on cribbling, that we put lot of efforts, but still he is same,but it’s the parents who don’t understand their need properly. Conclusion: So I agree to her theory that first few years are very crucial for their better development and for good result. One should use right methods to keep them active and develop their good future. So use right theories, material and right environment for their better future which will help you to keep them active and you will achieve good result. 2)†Montessorie method is unique because it is based on her discovering the child†. Expand on this statement. Ans:Maria Montessorie had a genius of observing it and coming to conclusion that children acted in certain manner under certain circumstances, that allowed no interference from adutls and than from house of children Casa dei Bambini was set up in 1907 in san Lorenzo Rome, Italy the 1st House of children. First House of Children was cradle in which Montessorie Method was born with no particular educational motives and here are few of her discoveries as follows. 1) Children love to work Purposefully: As it’s a human nature to work on targeted task and be active until they achieve the task, task help them go in right direction and once they achieve,their confidence is boost up. So to assign a properly designed task, which they waould find interesting is very importantand so right kind od material, environment and direction is needed to give them right task (purposefully). e. g. if u want to teach ur child about animals, rather than using the book, give him some animal puzzle, soft toys or dress him like a animal, explain the feature and create a jungle,etc. In these way he will not only learn about animals, but learn about their characteristics as well as it is very realistic for them and they will enjoy it. 2) Purposefull work lead them to unite their capacities: If the kids are assigned purposeful task, which will also help you to judge their capacities, likes, interest, etc. As they are working individually you can observe their skills and help them to rectify only when they really need you and at the same time you can easily judge their skill. 3)Exercise of Practical life: In day-to-day life we unknowingly put a lot of pressure on kid by giving unwanted instruction and orders and still he won’t learn and you lose your patience. So rather than use some Arithimatic, drama, language, music, toys and lively things which will help them to learn faster and without much efforts and make your life easier. 4) Social level: It means they should be trained on social aspect as well, like sharing behaving, etc, but these comes when they see other kids doing and imitating their adults. I try to tell my kid u shall share your toys with friends and ask before taking their toys† Can I†. He will do only if I also do the same things,as they follow their adults as –well-as in the school they learn kid sharing and helping each other. e. g. on 1 table some are doing messy work, on other some are doing craft activity, the other will come and help to cut, paste, etc and these way without saying they learn and share. 5) Discipline without Enforcement: Everybody loves discipline, but it comes with love, respect and patience. So in some schools children are forced to follow some rules by hook and crook and to achieve these result teachers try to shout on the kids which create disliking about it and won’t learn,but same things by Maria theory helps a lot by way of love and explaining and giving them a time to adapt it and they would love to follow with liking. 6) Meaning of Obedience: It’s every parents and teachers dream to have obedient kids,but nobody realize that obedience comes with love and not with force. One can be onlyobedient, when they have respect for you and at the same time their inner satisfaction is fulfilled. 7) Love of Silence: â€Å"Silence speaks Louder than words†. It has more impact than words. So if kids try to misbehave or overruleyou just give them a Stern look with silent and see the result. It work’s my friend. e. g. when my son try to overrule me, I try to explain but he ignores and than I live him and keep silent for few minutes and he does what I want, as he want me to talk to him. 8) Right Environment/Behaviour: Right environment is necessary for any human being to groq and develop. In Montessorie kids get right environment with right material, trained teachers which help them to explore and gives them freedom which at home is not possible. As they get their freedom, kids of difference age group,trained adults, materials and no adult interference which help them to develop. Conclusion: As per above discoveries we can conclude that she has really observed the child in depth and can authoritatively talk that â€Å"She discovered the child†.

The Lead Cup Myth

Some time ago, a popular email hoax spread misinformation about the use of lead cups in the Middle Ages and The Bad Old Days.   Lead cups were used to drink ale or whisky. The combination would sometimes knock them out for a couple of days. Someone walking along the road would take them for dead and prepare them for burial. They were laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days and the family would gather around and eat and drink and wait and see if they would wake up - hence the custom of holding a wake. The Facts Lead poisoning is a slow, cumulative process and not a fast-acting toxin. Furthermore, pure lead was not used to make drinking vessels. By the 1500s pewter had, at most, 30 percent lead in its makeup.1  Horn, ceramic, gold, silver, glass and even wood were all used to make cups, goblets, jugs, flagons, tankards, bowls and other items to hold liquid. In less formal situations, people would forgo individual cups and drink straight from the jug, which was usually ceramic. Those who overindulged in liquor--to the point of unconsciousness--generally recovered within a day. The consumption of alcohol was a popular pastime, and coroners records are filled with reports of accidents--both minor and fatal--that occurred to the inebriated. Although it was difficult for people in the 16th century to define death, proof of life could typically be determined by whether or not the person was breathing. It was never necessary to lay out hung-over carousers on the kitchen table and wait to see if they woke up--especially since poorer folk often had neither kitchens nor permanent tables. The custom of holding a wake goes back much further than the 1500s. In Britain,  wakes  appear to have origins in Celtic custom, and was a watch over the recently-deceased that may have been intended to protect his body from evil spirits. The Anglo-Saxons called it a lich-wake from the Old English lic, a corpse. When Christianity came to England, prayer was added to the vigil.2 Over time, the event took on a social character, where family and friends of the deceased would gather to bid them farewell and enjoy food and drink in the process. The Church tried to discourage this,3 but the celebration of life in the face of death is not something humans easily relinquish. Notes: 1. pewter   Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica  Accessed April 4, 2002]. 2. wake  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica[Accessed April 13, 2002]. 3. Hanawalt, Barbara, The Ties that Bound: Peasant Families in Medieval England (Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 240. The text of this document is copyright  ©2002-2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website.